perspective of the United States, the operation responded to a hemispheric security strategy aimed at eliminating a source of instability and transnational crime. Trump maintained that his country “will not tolerate dictatorships that destroy nations and export chaos,” while officials of his administration indicated that the action sought to ensure an orderly political transition and protect the
civilian population.It is also important to note that the extra-continental powers - Russia and China - have been gaining strategic weight in the American continent, especially in Venezuela in recent years, which represents a threat to regional security.
In parallel, the reaction of those nations was immediate: the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared that the United States “violated international law” and demanded the release of Nicolás Maduro and respect for Venezuelan sovereignty. For its part, the Russian government described the intervention as an “armed aggression” and expressed its “deep concern”, demanding clarification from Washington.
Energy and commercial impact
The U.S. operation had an immediate impact on markets and on energy expectations linked to Venezuela. After the capture of Nicolás Maduro, the Caracas Stock Exchange registered an increase of close to 50%, while country risk fell by approximately 3,800 points, reflecting an abrupt reduction in the perception of political












