An investigation detected attacks against NGOs, mining companies, and aerospace firms through security vulnerabilities in Chrome and Windows
The operators also resorted to a technique aimed at reducing their victims' suspicions: creating fake websites that mimicked legitimate sites. In one of the campaigns, they sent emails in Chinese to Asian government entities using the case of Hong Kong activist Chow Hang-tung as bait. The link led to a fraudulent copy of ''China Digital Times,'' a U.S. publication dedicated to reporting on China, censorship, and politics.
Cyber espionage groups linked to China used a sophisticated hacking tool to attack U.S. targets in strategic sectors, an activity that security researchers consider a sign of coordination within the Chinese cyber espionage ecosystem.
The U.S. firm ''Volexity'' reported on September 21 that it identified a third Chinese actor using the same exploitation chain previously employed by other groups. The company noted that the widespread use of the same tool points to a possible exchange of capabilities among different actors in the Chinese network exploitation community.
Separately, the cybersecurity company ''Proofpoint'' documented campaigns that used the same capability against U.S. non-governmental organizations, mining companies, commodity trading firms, and several aerospace companies. Researchers detected that different groups began using the tool with only a few days' difference and that most of the observed groups had suspicious links to China.
Although investigations have not publicly established who developed the tool or how it was distributed among the various groups, evidence suggests that the core of the technology may have been shared, modified, and used by multiple operators. The firm also warned that the observed activity could represent only a fraction of the campaign and that the actual scope could be considerably larger.
The attacks are particularly concerning due to the nature of the targets. Aerospace companies are linked to advanced technologies and defense capabilities, while mining companies and commodity operators handle information related to strategic resources and international markets. The simultaneous interest in these sectors shows the value that economic, industrial, and technological intelligence can have within a spying campaign.
The tool exploited previously unknown vulnerabilities in Google Chrome and Microsoft Windows. When the attacks were successful, they could allow the installation of spyware and provide operators a way to maintain access to the compromised equipment. Volexity detected that an actor identified as ''UTA0565'' used the attack chain between September 3 and 4, before the vulnerabilities were patched through updates.
In another campaign, the attackers impersonated the Center for American Progress, an American political organization.
The sophistication of these operations has put the cyber espionage activities associated with China under scrutiny. These are not merely indiscriminate attacks: researchers found campaigns targeting sectors and organizations capable of providing strategically valuable information.
Moreover, the fact that several actors use the same exploitation chain in a short period raises questions about the level of cooperation or tool sharing existing among different groups.
This activity is not the only recent case of espionage attributed to actors linked to China. The firm ESET separately identified a campaign targeting governments and organizations in Latin America, including a Panamanian entity involved in the dispute over two ports near the Panama Canal.
