It is estimated that around 9 million Ukrainians have left their homes, representing nearly 22% of the pre-conflict population. Of that total, 3.7 million remain displaced within the country, while 5.9 million live as refugees abroad.
On a migratory level, the departure of Russian citizens is also recorded, with figures ranging from 650,000 to 900,000 people who have left their country since 2022.
The economic impact on Ukraine has been profound. Between 2022 and 2025, the country's economy suffered a cumulative contraction of 21.2%.
Additionally, there is an estimated budget deficit of 18.5% of Gross Domestic Product, resulting from military expenditures, which highlights a strong dependence on international financial assistance to sustain the functioning of the state.
Furthermore, the war has generated a structural crisis in the labor market, due to military mobilization and mass emigration, affecting both Ukraine and Russia.
More than four years after its onset and still without a resolution in the short term, the conflict has surpassed the duration of one of the longest military episodes of the last century.
