"Dual use" material includes products, software, and technology that can have both civilian and military or nuclear applications. According to the details in the official reports, a significant part of Spanish exports to Iran focused on components destined for the oil, gas, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Spain's exports to Iran
In the second half of 2018, exports were mainly made up of "valves of different types and compositions with their spare parts for the oil, gas, and petrochemical sectors", with an approximate value of 2.9 million euros. The following year, sales to the Iranian private sector included "spare parts for valves for the oil, petrochemical, and gas sectors, as well as sterilizable lyophilizers for the pharmaceutical sector".











